![]() ![]() He was Augustus’s right arm and son in law and was actively involved in the reorganization of the Empire. A follower of Octavian, he led the principle civil war battles with great determination, among which the final clash in Actium against Mark Antony and Cleopatra (31 BC). Upon the dictator’s death she married Mark Antony, with the ambitious project of creating a powerful reign throughout the Eastern Mediterranean and fought directly with Octavian.įollowing the defeat in Actium (31 BC) she committed suicide by allowing herself to be bit by a venomous serpent.Īgrippa (Marcus Vispanius Agrippa: 63-12 BC). N 46 BC she was once again placed on the throne thanks to Julius Caesar, from whom she had a son, Cesarean. Upon her father’s death, she was dispossessed by her husband and brother, Tolomeus Dionysius. ![]() Daughter of the king of Egypt, Tolomeus Auletes. The civil war ended with the naval battle held in Actium in 31 BC: Mark Antony committed suicide in Alexandria in 30 BC.Ĭleopatra (69-30 BC). He fell in love with Cleopatra and married her giving her many Roman possessions and entering into open conflict with the Senate and Octavian. In 43 BC he constituted the second triumvirate with Lepidus and Octavian, which led to the division of the Roman territories, the Eastern regions being assigned to Mark Antony. He was the principal figure involved in the vendetta against Caesar’s assassins, Brutus and Cassius. Upon his death he was nominated god and venerated in a temple built in the Roman Forum on the site of his cremation. ![]() Much of his work was interrupted by a fatal conspiracy hesxded by Brutus and Cassius. Thanks to his authority and to the riches acquired, he began a series of legislative reforms and built many important monuments (Caesar’s Forum, Basilica Julia, Curia, Saepta Julia). His victory made him the undisputed leader of Rome: he was consul for 5 years (48 B.C.) and dictator for 10 (46 B.C.). he crossed the Rubicon River (at that time the frontier of Italy) with his legions and waged a bloody civil war against Pompeius. The Senate and Pompey deprived him of his military power. and conquered Gaul and up as far as Britannia. A representative of the popular faction and member of the Julia family (which allegedly descended from Aeneas), he led a brilliant political career and formed the first triumvirate with Crassus and Pompey in 60 B.C. This ended with a disastrous defeat in Carrhae (today known as Harran, Turkey) in which the ensigns of the legions were lost and where he himself lost his life.Ĭaesar (Gaius Julius Caesar: 100-44 B.C.). While proconsul in Syria, he organized a military expedition against the Parthians. he became part of the first triumvirate with Caesar and Pompeius and was appointed consul in 55 B.C. with the cruel repression of Spartacus’s slave revolt. A noble and very rich Roman, a follower of Sulla who became famous in 71 B.C. Crassus (Marcus Licinius Crassus: 115-53 B.C.). ![]()
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